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Re: spaying - before or after first heat?
By spaying her before her first season, you reduce the risk of mammary tumours. These are the most common tumours in bitches. However, the incidence is still greatly reduced if you spay between the first and second or second and third seasons. A bitch spayed before her first season has a0.05% chance of getting a mammary tumour, but one which is allowed to have one season still only has approximately a 7% chance of developing a mammary tumour, so still low. mammary cancer is also usually easily and very successfully treated if caught early. (which it shoudl be where the owner is responsible)
Spaying prior to a year old significantly increases the risk of bone cancer. This is a common cancer, especially in larger breeds and is not easily succesfully treated. Spaying early also increases the risk of urinary incontinence in later life. Around 25% of spayed dogs are likely to get urinary incontinence later, and the risk in increased if the bitch is spayed prior to her first season.
Spaying early can also have an effect on behaviour. It can mean the bitch stays in an eternally puppy like state, and has a short attention span, becoming difficult to train.
For me, taking the above into consideration, there is no question of when it is best to spay.
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