Jeanie, he uses tools that the owners would use but for hims self, his first choice is NO tool! NO leash, - controlling the dog by energy alone. Next, he uses a string leash, the smallest lightest one he can find (he calls his a 25 cents leash) when he has his choice. If he recognizes that the owner needs a more supportive tool, then he will teach that owner how to use that tool with the dog SAFELY, to ensure that that dog suffers no harm through its use.

My favorite epsiode in this was in Season 3 Molly and the Farmer. This farm dog was completely obsessed and attacked anything with wheels and in fact had been rolled under a tractor tire and lost one eye.

The family had used the electronic collar - incorrectly.
Cesar came and set up the collar at 40%!

Use the button TWICE for dversion therapy.

The dog jumped, ~did not yelp, hollar, writh in pain.
The collar has never been needed again. Now if the dog looks at a tire, all the family has to do is call the dog who will come.

Cesar and Team Millan used this episode to demonstrate how to safely use this tool for the FIRST step of a long term solution for a dog for whom no other solution had worked. Again, many would say - there are plenty of good dogs out there, so just put down the ones who cause problems and get another. I just have another philosphy beause these dogs always in my experience turn out to be such GOOD loving dogs once they get this kind of behavior direction for their lives.

They also wanted to make a point that if the dog owner does not have experience with this kind of tool, then to go to a professional is well worth the time and support for the progress it gives the dog which many times, will save their lives!